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Central University
GH
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2025 · Journal of Education Learning and Management · 0 citations
Factors Affecting Teaching and Learning of Physics in Ghanaian Senior High Schools: Study in the Greater Accra Region
This study aimed to examine the factors affecting the teaching and learning of Physics in Ghanaian Senior High Schools. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to sample the teachers and students. The sample size for this study was 50 teachers and 300 students. Descriptive statistics, such as percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that demonstration and discussions to illustrate concepts/ phenomena, emphasising qualitative thinking and presentation of concepts, laying emphasis on mathematical presentation of concepts/students planning and doing their experiment, teacher demonstration of problem-solving on the whiteboard, and teaching and learning being teacher-centred are the main teaching approaches of physics in senior high schools. The main constraining factors of teaching and learning physics in senior high schools were inadequate professional physics teachers, inadequate laboratory equipment, students’ perception of physics, an inadequate number of physics teachers, and students finding physics too mathematical and challenging. With regards to the way forward, it was identified from the teachers’ responses that there should be better salaries and/or incentives for physics teachers, there should be more teacher professional development on physics practicals, and training of more graduate teachers must be encouraged and supported. The responses of the students indicated that appropriate authorities should provide adequate laboratory equipment, and there should be more training for physics teachers. The study concluded that due to the important nature of the subject, it is important for stakeholders in education to come together to find modern ways of teaching the subject and also address critical challenges such as inadequate laboratory equipment and professional development of teachers, among others.
2025 · International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science · 0 citations
Multiple Representations: An Approach to Teaching Selected Physics Topics
This study investigated the impact of using multiple representations in teaching selected physics topics, specifically sound and waves, to senior high school students in Ghana. An action-research design was employed with an intact class of 30 form two students purposively sampled. Various representational formats including visual, text, graph, diagrammatic, and mathematical representations were incorporated during lessons. The main data collection instruments were achievement tests and classroom observation over five lessons. Findings revealed that students demonstrated improved skills in diagrammatic, graphical, verbal, and mathematical representations, with a notable enhancement in their cognitive achievement on physics concepts relating to sound and waves. The intervention engaged students actively in classroom discourse, promoting higher motivation, interaction, and participation. Quantitative analysis showed significant gains in students' ability to correctly solve physics problems using multiple representations compared to pre-intervention results. The study concluded that employing multiple representations supports conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills, counteracting the limitations of traditional lecture-based teaching that often leads to rote memorization and low engagement. The use of diverse representations facilitated students' development of science process skills such as graph drawing and diagrammatic reasoning. Recommendations include integrating multiple representations consistently in physics curricula, encouraging collaborative learning, and providing teacher training on implementing these strategies. The findings underscore the pedagogical value of multiple representations and provide a basis for adopting similar approaches to improve science education outcomes in Ghana and beyond.