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Ferrán Catalá-López

· Ottawa Hospital

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Ferrán Catalá-López is a registered researcher in their academic field.

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Global Cancer Incidence and Screening, Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers, Cancer Risks and Factors · 2018 · JAMA Oncology

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016

Christina Fitzmaurice, Tomi Akinyemiju, Faris Lami, Shazia Alam, Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei, Christine A. Allen, Ubai Alsharif, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Erfan Amini, Benjamin O. Anderson, Olatunde Aremu, Al Artaman, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Reza Assadi, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Leticia Ávila‐Burgos, Ashish Awasthi, Huda Omer Ba Saleem, Aleksandra Barać, James R. Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Nickhill Bhakta, Hermann Brenner, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Jee-Young J Choi, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Sheng‐Chia Chung, María Paula Curado, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, José das Neves, Subhojit Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, David Teye Doku, Tim Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Dumessa Edessa, Ziad El‐Khatib, Aman Yesuf Endries, Florian Fischer, Lisa M Force, Kyle J Foreman, Solomon Weldemariam Gebrehiwot, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Grosso, Rahul Gupta, Bishal Gyawali, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, James Harvey, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Roderick J. Hay, Simon I Hay, Behzad Heibati, Molla Kahssay Hiluf, Nobuyuki Horita, Hung Chak Ho, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Kaire Innos, Farhad Islami, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Sarah Charlotte Johnson, Jost B Jonas, Amir Kasaeian, Tesfaye Kassa, Yousef Khader, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Young‐Ho Khang, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Jacek A Kopec, G Anil Kumar, Michael Kutz, Deepesh Lad, Alessandra Lafranconi, Qing Lan, Yirga Legesse, James Leigh, Shai Linn, Raimundas Lunevičius, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Déborah Carvalho Malta, LG Mantovani, Brian J. McMahon, Toni Meier, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Mulugeta Melku, Peter Memiah, Walter Mendoza, Tuomo J Meretoja, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Ted R. Miller, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Mahmood Moosazadeh

Importance: The increasing burden due to cancer and other noncommunicable diseases poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan on Non-Communicable Diseases. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. Objective: To assess the burden for 29 cancer groups over time to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. Evidence Review: Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were evaluated for 195 countries and territories by age and sex using the Global Burden of Disease study estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, as well as by the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were categorized by changes due to epidemiological vs demographic transition. Findings: In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Cancer cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallest increase was seen in high SDI countries. Globally, population aging contributed 17%; population growth, 12%; and changes in age-specific rates, -1% to this change. The most common incident cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million cases). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million incident cases, 535 000 deaths, and 14.9 million DALYs). In 2016, cancer caused 213.2 million DALYs globally for both sexes combined. Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 130 of 195 countries or territories, and the average annual age-standardized death rates decreased within that timeframe in 143 of 195 countries or territories. Conclusions and Relevance: Large disparities exist between countries in cancer incidence, deaths, and associated disability. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for noncommunicable disease and cancer control.

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Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins, Cardiac Health and Mental Health · 2017 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Gregory A. Roth, Catherine O. Johnson, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede Abera, Gebre Yitayih Abyu, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Baran Aksut, Shazia Alam, Khurshid Alam, François Alla, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Stephen M. Amrock, Hossein Ansari, Johan Ärnlöv, Hamid Asayesh, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Leticia Ávila‐Burgos, Ashish Awasthi, Amitava Banerjee, Aleksandra Barać, Till Bärnighausen, Lars Barregård, Neeraj Bedi, Ezra B. Ketema, Derrick Bennett, Gebremedhin Berhe, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Shimelash Bitew Workie, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Juan Jesús Carrero, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Jacqueline Castillo-Rivas, Ferrán Catalá-López, Jee-Young Choi, Hanne Christensen, Massimo Círillo, Leslie T. Cooper, Michael H Criqui, David K Cundiff, Albertino Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Kairat Davletov, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Manisha Dubey, Rebecca Ehrenkranz, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Alireza Esteghamati, Talha Farid, Maryam S. Farvid, Valery L. Feigin, Eric L. Ding, Gerry Fowkes, Tsegaye Gebrehiwot, Richard F Gillum, Audra L Gold, Philimon Gona, Rajeev Gupta, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Nima Hafezi‐Nejad, Tesfayé Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Graeme J. Hankey, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Masako Horino, Peter J. Hotez, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Spencer L James, Mehdi Javanbakht, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Denny John, Jost B. Jonas, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Chanté Karimkhani, Amir Kasaeian, Yousef Khader, Abdur Rahman Khan, Young‐Ho Khang, Sahil Khera, Abdullah T Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Daniel Kim, Dhaval Kolte, Soewarta Kosen, Kristopher J Krohn, G Anil Kumar, Gene F. Kwan, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Anders Larsson, Shai Linn, Alan D Lopez, Paulo A. Lotufo, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek

BACKGROUND: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world. OBJECTIVES: The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden. METHODS: CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. RESULTS: In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75. CONCLUSIONS: CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

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Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies, Sodium Intake and Health, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors · 2017 · JAMA

Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015

Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Patrick Liu, Gregory A. Roth, Marie Ng, Stan Biryukov, Laurie B. Marczak, Lily Alexander, Kara Estep, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Tomi Akinyemiju, Raghib Ali, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Peter Azzopardi, Amitava Banerjee, Till Bärnighausen, Arindam Basu, Tolesa Bekele, Derrick Bennett, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Ferrán Catalá-López, Valery L. Feigin, João Carlos Fernandes, Florian Fischer, Alemseged Aregay Gebru, Philimon Gona, Rajeev Gupta, Graeme J. Hankey, Jost B. Jonas, Suzanne E. Judd, Young‐Ho Khang, Ardeshir Khosravi, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Dhaval Kolte, Alan D López, Paulo A. Lotufo, Reza Malekzadeh, Yohannes Adama Melaku, George A. Mensah, Awoke Misganaw, Ali H. Mokdad, Andrew Moran, Haseeb Nawaz, Bruce Neal, Frida Ngalesoni, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Farshad Pourmalek, Anwar Rafay, Rajesh Kumar, David Rojas‐Rueda, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Itamar S Santos, Monika Sawhney, Aletta E. Schutte, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Girma Temam Shifa, Ivy Shiue, Bemnet Tedla, Amanda G. Thrift, Marcello Tonelli, Thomas Truelsen, Nikolaos Tsilimparis, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Olalekan A. Uthman, Tommi Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Theo Vos, Ronny Westerman, Lijing L. Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Christopher J L Murray

Importance: Elevated systolic blood (SBP) pressure is a leading global health risk. Quantifying the levels of SBP is important to guide prevention policies and interventions. Objective: To estimate the association between SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg and SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher and the burden of different causes of death and disability by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015. Design: A comparative risk assessment of health loss related to SBP. Estimated distribution of SBP was based on 844 studies from 154 countries (published 1980-2015) of 8.69 million participants. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression was used to generate estimates of mean SBP and adjusted variance for each age, sex, country, and year. Diseases with sufficient evidence for a causal relationship with high SBP (eg, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke) were included in the primary analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean SBP level, cause-specific deaths, and health burden related to SBP (≥110-115 mm Hg and also ≥140 mm Hg) by age, sex, country, and year. Results: Between 1990-2015, the rate of SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg increased from 73 119 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 67 949-78 241) to 81 373 (95% UI, 76 814-85 770) per 100 000, and SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher increased from 17 307 (95% UI, 17 117-17 492) to 20 526 (95% UI, 20 283-20 746) per 100 000. The estimated annual death rate per 100 000 associated with SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg increased from 135.6 (95% UI, 122.4-148.1) to 145.2 (95% UI 130.3-159.9) and the rate for SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher increased from 97.9 (95% UI, 87.5-108.1) to 106.3 (95% UI, 94.6-118.1). For loss of DALYs associated with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, the loss increased from 95.9 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 87.0-104.9 million) to 143.0 million (95% UI, 130.2-157.0 million) [corrected], and for SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher, the loss increased from 5.2 million (95% UI, 4.6-5.7 million) to 7.8 million (95% UI, 7.0-8.7 million). The largest numbers of SBP-related deaths were caused by ischemic heart disease (4.9 million [95% UI, 4.0-5.7 million]; 54.5%), hemorrhagic stroke (2.0 million [95% UI, 1.6-2.3 million]; 58.3%), and ischemic stroke (1.5 million [95% UI, 1.2-1.8 million]; 50.0%). In 2015, China, India, Russia, Indonesia, and the United States accounted for more than half of the global DALYs related to SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg. Conclusions and Relevance: In international surveys, although there is uncertainty in some estimates, the rate of elevated SBP (≥110-115 and ≥140 mm Hg) increased substantially between 1990 and 2015, and DALYs and deaths associated with elevated SBP also increased. Projections based on this sample suggest that in 2015, an estimated 3.5 billion adults had SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg and 874 million adults had SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher.

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Global Cancer Incidence and Screening, Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers, Frailty in Older Adults · 2016 · JAMA Oncology

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015

Christina Fitzmaurice, Christine A. Allen, Ryan M Barber, Lars Barregård, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Hermann Brenner, Daniel Dicker, Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Tom Fleming, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Jamie Hancock, Roderick J. Hay, Rachel Hunter‐Merrill, Chantal Huynh, Hung Chak Ho, Catherine O. Johnson, Jost B Jonas, Jagdish Khubchandani, G Anil Kumar, Michael Kutz, Qing Lan, Heidi J. Larson, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S Lim, Alan D Lopez, Michael F MacIntyre, Laurie B. Marczak, Neal Marquez, Ali H. Mokdad, Christine Pinho, Farshad Pourmalek, Joshua A. Salomon, Juan Sanabria, Logan Sandar, Benn Sartorius, Stephen M. Schwartz, Katya Anne Shackelford, Kenji Shibuya, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Caitlyn Steiner, Jiandong Sun, Ken Takahashi, Stein Emil Vollset, Theo Vos, Joseph A. Wagner, Haidong Wang, Ronny Westerman, Hajo Zeeb, Leo Zoeckler, Foad Abd-Allah, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Samer Alabed, Noore Alam, Saleh Fahed Aldhahri, Girma Alem, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu, Raghib Ali, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Azmeraw T. Amare, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Al Artaman, Hamid Asayesh, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Ashish Awasthi, Huda Ba Saleem, Aleksandra Barać, Neeraj Bedi, Isabela M. Benseñor, Adugnaw Berhane, Eduardo Bernabé, Balem Demtsu Betsu, Agnès Binagwaho, Dube Jara Boneya, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Chioma Chibueze, Abdulaal Chitheer, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Benjamin Cowie, Solomon Abrha Damtew, José das Neves, Suhojit Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preet K. Dhillon, Eric L. Ding, Tim Driscoll, Donatus U. Ekwueme, Aman Yesuf Endries, Maryam S. Farvid, Farshad Farzadfar, João Carlos Fernandes, Florian Fischer, Tsegaye Tewelde G/hiwot, Alemseged Aregay Gebru, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alemayehu Hailu

IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.

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Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Trauma and Emergency Care Studies, Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes · 2015 · Injury Prevention

The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013

Juanita A. Haagsma, Nicholas Graetz, Ian Bolliger, Mohsen Naghavi, Hideki Higashi, Erin C Mullany, Semaw Ferede Abera, Jerry Abraham, Adofo Koranteng, Ubai Alsharif, Emmanuel A Ameh, Walid Ammar, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Lope H. Barrero, Tolesa Bekele, Dipan Bose, Alexandra Bražinová, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I. Dargan, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Sarah Derrett, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Tim Driscoll, Leilei Duan, Ermakov Sp, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, Richard C. Franklin, Belinda J. Gabbe, Richard A. Gosselin, Nima Hafezi‐Nejad, Randah R Hamadeh, Martha Hı́jar, Guoqing Hu, Sudha Jayaraman, Guohong Jiang, Yousef Khader, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Chanda Kulkarni, Fiona Lecky, Ricky Leung, Raimundas Lunevičius, Ronan A Lyons, Marek Majdán, Amanda J. Mason‐Jones, Richard Matzopoulos, Peter A. Meaney, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Ted R. Miller, Charles Mock, Rosana Norman, Ricardo Orozco, Suzanne Polinder, Farshad Pourmalek, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Amany Refaat, David Rojas‐Rueda, Nobhojit Roy, David C. Schwebel, Amira Shaheen, Saeid Shahraz, Vegard Skirbekk, Kjetil Søreide, Sergey Soshnikov, Dan J. Stein, Bryan L. Sykes, Karen M. Tabb, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Eric Y. Tenkorang, Alice Theadom, Bach Xuan Tran, Tommi Vasankari, Monica S. Vavilala, Vasily Vlassov, Solomon Woldeyohannes, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Christopher Murray, Theo Vos, Shivanthi Balalla, Michael Phillips

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country. METHODS: Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures. RESULTS: In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.

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Global Cancer Incidence and Screening, Cancer Risks and Factors, Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers · 2015 · JAMA Oncology

The Global Burden of Cancer 2013

Christina Fitzmaurice, Daniel Dicker, Amanda Pain, Hannah Hamavid, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Michael F MacIntyre, Christine A. Allen, Gillian M Hansen, Rachel Woodbrook, Charles Wolfe, Randah R Hamadeh, Ami R. Moore, Andrea Werdecker, Bradford D. Gessner, Braden Te Ao, Brian J. McMahon, Chanté Karimkhani, Chuanhua Yu, Graham Cooke, David C. Schwebel, David O. Carpenter, David M. Pereira, Denis Nash, Dhruv S Kazi, Diego De Leo, Dietrich Plaß, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, George D. Thurston, Kim Yun Jin, Edgar P. Simard, Edward J Mills, Eun‐Kee Park, Ferrán Catalá-López, Gabrielle deVeber, Carolyn Gotay, Gulfaraz Khan, Hung Chak Ho, Itamar S Santos, Janet L Leasher, Jasvinder A. Singh, James Leigh, Jost B. Jonas, Juan Sanabria, Justin Beardsley, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Ken Takahashi, Richard C. Franklin, Luca Ronfani, Marcella Montico, Luigi Naldi, Marcello Tonelli, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Max Petzold, Mark G. Shrime, Mustafa Z Younis, Naohiro Yonemoto, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Paul Yip, Farshad Pourmalek, Paulo A. Lotufo, Alireza Esteghamati, Graeme J. Hankey, Raghib Ali, Raimundas Lunevičius, Reza Malekzadeh, Robert P Dellavalle, Robert Weintraub, Robyn Lucas, Roderick J. Hay, David Rojas‐Rueda, Ronny Westerman, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Sandra Nolte, Scott B. Patten, Scott Weichenthal, Semaw Ferede Abera, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Ivy Shiue, Tim Driscoll, Tommi Vasankari, Ubai Alsharif, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Vasily Vlassov, Wagner Marcenes, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Yuichiro Yano, Al Artaman, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Ulrich Müeller, Daniel Kim, Matias Trillini, Babak Eshrati, Hywel C Williams, Kenji Shibuya, Rakhi Dandona, Kinnari Murthy, Benjamin Cowie, Azmeraw T. Amare

IMPORTANCE: Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. FINDINGS: In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.

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